麦安山茶 Camellia maianhii Curry, VD Luong & ND DoCamellia maianhii

Camellia maianhii Curry, VD Luong & ND Do in J Bot Res 6(1):176-183 (2023). Type: Vietnam, Nghe An Province: Quy Chau District, Chau Hoi Commune, Xon Village, 200 m elevation., January 2016, Mai The Anh, DL160103 (holotype (DLU00008050), isotype DLU!) . Additional specimens examined (Paratypes) Nghe An Province: Quy Chau District, Chau Hanh, Chau Thang Communes, 250 m elevation, June 2021, Mai The Anh, DL210601, DL211201(DLU!)

The specimen was first discovered by Mai The Anh in 2016 in Quy Chau, Nghe An. In 2023, the authors Nguyen Trung Thanh, Luong Van Dung, Do Ngoc Dai, Kim so Yoong, Anthony S. Curry published in the Journal of Botany Research with the scientific name Camellia maianhii. The Vietnamese name is Tra mai anh, after the name of the first person to discover the specimen.

Description Shrubs, 3-5m tall; twigs white pubescent, purple. Leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, 13-20 × 4-6 cm, thickly coriaceous, dark green, shiny, glabrous above, paler green, pubescent below, margins shallow serrate; leaf apices acuminate; leaf bases obtuse to nearly round; midribs protruding both sides, lateral veins sunken above, protruding below, 14-19 pairs of veins; petiole falcate, slightly curved, round, 0.7-1.2 cm long, pubescent. Flowers pedicellate, solitary, terminal, nodding, 5.5-6.5 cm in diameter; pedicels 0.9-1.3 cm long, stout, thickened upwards, purple; bracteoles 3(-4), broadly deltate, 4-7 mm long, 2.5-5 mm wide, purple, outer faces pubescent, ciliate, persistent. Sepals 5-6(-7), persistent, sub-orbicularor subglobose, 0.5-1.2 × 0.9-1.5 cm, purple, outer surfaces pubescent, margins membranous and ciliate. Petals 14-15, subglobose to broadly obovate, red, 1.8-5.5 × 2-3.3 cm, both sides tomentose, innermost petals basally united with outermost filaments for 1.5-1.6 cm. Androecium 260-300 stamens in 5-6 whorls, filaments 2.5-3.5 cm long, yellow, pubescent at the base, outer filaments basally united for 2-2.2 cm; anthers 2-2.5 × 1.5-2 mm, light yellow. Gynoecium 3-4-locular, ovaries ovate, ribbed, 6-7 × 4-5 mm, tomentose; styles 3-4, free to the base, 2.2-2.4 cm long, tomentose. Capsules subglobose, 4.8-5.3 high × 6.2-7.1 cm wide, furfuraceous, sparsely pubescent, dehiscing distally into 3-4 parts, pericarps thin, 9-11 mm thick, 1-3 seeds per locule; columellae stout, 2.8-3.2 cm long. Seeds cuneate or semi-globose, 2.1-2.9 × 0.6-0.8 cm, reddish brown, hirsute. 

 Distribution and Ecology Camellia maianhii is only known from the type-locality near Xon village, Chau Hoi Commune, Quy Chau District, Nghe An Province. This species grows on moist fertile and sandy soils derived from sandstone parent material on hill slopes and along a stream in secondary evergreen broad-leaved or mixed wood-bamboo forests, elevations of 200-800 m. 

 Etymology The specific epithet refers to the name of the discoverer of this species, Mr. Mai The Anh. Vernacular name (Vietnamese language) Chèmaianh (Chè = tea; maianh = the name of the discoverer of this species). 

Phenology This species flowers from November to January, and fruits from June to September. 

Conservation Status Camellia maianhii is only known from two populations in the Quy Chau District, Nghe An Province namely, the type locality near Xon Village, Chau Hoi Commune and the second in Chau Hanh Commune. The area of occupancy is less than 10 km2 and the total population is fewer than 200 mature individuals. Due to the limited known area of occupancy and small population size we consider the IUCN category of Critically Endangered (CR B2ab (iii,v)) to be appropriate for this species 

Quy Chau District, Nghe An Province, VIETNAM

麦安山茶 Camellia maianhii Curry, VD Luong & ND Do  in J Bot Res 6(1):176-183 (2023). 该新种由 麦世安（Mai The Anh） 于 2016 年在义安 Quy Chau 首次发现。2023 年，Nguyen Trung Thanh、Luong Van Dung、Do Ngoc Dai、Kim so Yoong、Anthony S. Curry 在《植物学研究杂志》上发表了该标本的学名 Camellia maianhii。越南语名称为 Tra mai anh，以纪念第一个发现该标本的人。

模式标本：越南义安省归州县周会乡，海拔200米，2016年1月，Mai The Anh，DL160103（主模标本 (DLU00008050)，副模标本 DLU!）。其他检查标本（副模标本）：义安省：归州县，周行乡、周胜乡，海拔250米，2021年6月，Mai The Anh，DL210601，DL211201(DLU!)。

描述：灌木，高3-5米；枝条被白色、紫色的柔毛。叶具柄，长椭圆状卵形，13-20×4-6厘米，革质，深绿色，有光泽，上面无毛，下面浅绿色，被柔毛，边缘具浅锯齿；叶先端渐尖；叶基钝形至近圆形；中脉两侧突出，侧脉上面凹陷，下面突出，14-19对；叶柄镰刀状，略弯曲，圆形，长0.7-1.2厘米，被柔毛。花具梗，单生，顶生，下垂，直径5.5-6.5厘米；花梗长0.9-1.3厘米，粗壮，向上增粗，紫色；小苞片3（-4），宽三角状，长4-7毫米，宽2.5-5毫米，紫色，外表面被柔毛，具纤毛，宿存。萼片5-6（-7），宿存，近圆形或近球形，0.5-1.2×0.9-1.5厘米，紫色，外表面被柔毛，边缘膜质且具纤毛。花瓣14-15，近球形至宽倒卵形，红色，1.8-5.5×2-3.3厘米，两面均被绒毛，最内层花瓣基部与最外层花丝合生1.5-1.6厘米。雄蕊260-300枚，5-6轮，花丝长2.5-3.5厘米，黄色，基部被柔毛，外层花丝基部合生2-2.2厘米；花药 2-2.5 × 1.5-2 毫米，浅黄色。雌蕊 3-4 室，子房卵形，具棱，6-7 × 4-5 毫米，被绒毛；花柱 3-4 枚，基部离生，长 2.2-2.4 厘米，被绒毛。蒴果近球形，高 4.8-5.3 厘米，宽 6.2-7.1 厘米，糠状，疏被柔毛，远端开裂成 3-4 瓣，果皮薄，厚 9-11 毫米，每室含 1-3 粒种子；轴柱粗壮，长 2.8-3.2 厘米。种子楔形或半球形，2.1-2.9 × 0.6-0.8 厘米，红褐色，被柔毛。

分布与生态：茶树（Camellia maianhii）仅分布于越南义安省归州县周会乡Xon村附近的模式产地。该物种生长于海拔200-800米的山坡和溪流沿岸，土壤为由砂岩母质风化而成的湿润肥沃的沙质土壤，常见于次生常绿阔叶林或竹混交林中。

词源：种加词“茶树”指的是该物种的发现者Mai The Anh(麦世安）先生的名字。俗名（越南语）：Chèmaianh（Chè意为茶；maianh意为该物种发现者的名字）。

物候：该物种花期为11月至次年1月，果期为6月至9月。

保护现状：山茶花（Camellia maianhii）目前仅知分布于越南义安省归州县的两个种群，分别是位于周会乡Xon村附近的模式产地和位于周行乡的第二个种群。其分布面积不足10平方公里，总种群数量不足200株。鉴于其分布面积有限且种群数量较少，我们认为将该物种列入世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）的极危（CR B2ab (iii,v)）类别较为合适。

越南义安省归州县周会乡