陕西短柱茶 Camellia shensiensisCamellia shensiensis

Camellia shensiensis, Subgenus Camellia, Sect. Paracamellia, Chang Hung-ta and Bruce Bartholomew (1984). Camellias, p.56: Camellia shensiensis Chang ex Chang, sp. nov. ; Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni, monogr. ser. 1: 39. 1981, nom. invalid. [Description] Shrub 1. 5 m tall, branchlets pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, broadly elliptic, 3.5-5 cmlong, 2-3 cm wide, apices abruptly acute, bases broadly cuneate, shiny above, glabrous and glandular punctate below, lateral veins 5 pairs, lateral and reticulate veins conspicuous from both surfaces, margins sharply serrulate, petioles 3-5 mm long. Flowers 1-2 terminal or axillary, sessile, white; bracts and sepals 7-8, 6-10 mm long, sparsely pubescent; petals 6-7, glabrous, 1.5-2 cm long, apically 2-cleft, basally connate; stamens 6-8 mm long, nearly free; ovaries pubescent, 3-locular; styles 3 mm long, 3-4-parted, free. Capsules ovoid, 1.5-1. 8 cm long. This species has the northernmost distribution of Camellia in China. The southernslopes of the Qingling Range has subtropical pockets in which this species occurs inSichuan and western Hubei.

Gao Jiyin, Clifford R. Parks, Du Yueqiang, 2005, Collected Species of the Genus Camellia an Illustrated Outline，p.193. Flowers are white, fragrant, 3.0-5.0 cm in diameter, borne at the tips of shoots, and in leaf axils. Perules 7-8, drop as the corolla expands, sparsely pubescent. Petals 5-7, 1.5-2.0 cm long, broadly obcordate, notched at the tip, slightly villose on the outside, nearly free at the base. Androecium 6-8 mm long, slightly fused at the base, more than thirty anthers. Gynoecium 3 mm long, 3-4 styles, free, not fused at the base, ovary tomentose. Blooming season: autumn to winter. Capsules ovate, 1.5-1.8 cm in length, 1.0-2.0 cm in diameter, the surface of fruit rough and yellow-brownish by maturity, 3-4 locules with 1-3 seeds per locule, wall thin. Seed oil content ranges from 28.6%-32.0%.Leaves ovate to elliptic, tip acute, base cuneate, 3.0-5.0 cm long,2.0-3.0 cm wide, margin sharply serrulate, lower surface with cork-warts. Petioles 3-5 mm long. Shrub up to 3 m tall, dense foliage, young shoots pubescent becoming glabrescent, stem smooth, gray-greenish in color. Distribution: Mountains of the Hanzhong and Ankang areas of Shangxi Province, the Enshi area of Hubei Province and the Beibei area of Chongqing Province; Elevation: 500-1,100m; Specific locality: Yantanggou, Laoxian village, Laoxian Township, Lao County, Shanxi Province, China.

陕西短柱茶Camellia shensiensis Chang, sp. nov 张宏达，1981. 《山茶属植物的系统研究》第39页。【标本】四川：北碚，缙云山，姚仲吾3410 (花模式标本FI.-typus，in Bot. Inst. Acad. Sin. Peking)；通江县，王从交70. 陕西：乔英林1140. 湖北：兴山城郊，武汉植物园1860. 云南：黑龙潭栽培，引自四川，昆明工作站辛景三50453；同地，张宏达5122 (果模式Fr.-typus, in Univ. Sunyatsen)。，这个种可能是茶属在地理分布上北方的极限，显然是秦岭南坡残存的亚热带成 分，它只分布于陕西、四川及鄂西。【形态特征】灌木，高1.5米；嫩枝有毛。叶革质，阔椭圆形，长3.5-5厘米，宽2-3厘米，先端急短尖，基部阔楔形，上面发亮，下面无毛，有腺点，侧腺约5对，与网脉在两面均明显，边缘有尖锐细锯齿，叶柄长3-5毫米。花1-2朵顶生及腋生，无柄，白色；苞片及萼片7-8片，长6-10毫米，有疏毛；花瓣6-7片，无毛，长1.5-2厘米，先端2裂，基部连生；雄蕊长6-8毫米，近离生；子房有毛，3室，花柱3-4条离生，长3毫米。蒴果卵圆形，长1.5-1.8厘米。

高继银、帕克斯、杜跃强，2005. 《山茶属植物主要原种彩色图集》浙江科学技术出版社，第193页。花白色，芳香，花径3.0~5.0厘米，顶生或腋生。鳞片5~7枚，随开花逐渐脱落，被疏柔毛。花瓣7〜8枚，长1.5~2.0厘米，阔倒心形，先端有凹缺，背面略被长柔毛，基部近离生。雄蕊长6~8毫米，基部略连生，30枚以上。雌蕊长3毫米，花柱3~4条，基部离生，子房被绒毛。花期秋季至冬季。蒴果卵圆形，长1.5~1.8厘米，直径1.0~2.0厘米，表面粗糖，成熟时黄褐色，3~4室，每室1~3粒种子，果皮薄。种子含油量28.6%~32.0%。叶卵圆形至椭圆形，先端突尖，基部阔楔形，长3.0~5.0厘米，宽2.0~3.0厘米，叶缘有尖锐锯齿，叶背有小腺点。叶柄短，长3~5毫米。灌木，高可达3米，枝叶稠密，嫩枝被柔毛，而后变秃净，树干光滑，灰绿色。分布：陕西省汉中和安康地区、湖北省恩施地区以及重庆市北碚缙云山，海拔500-1100米。可寻地点:陕西省老县老县镇老县村雁塘沟。