Section：Theopsis
Conservation Status：Least Concern
Remarks：This name is accepted
References：
Camellia tsaii Hu Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 132 (1938) Accepted Name
蔡氏山茶 静生生物调查所汇报·植物， 8: 132 (1938) Chinese Name
Thea fusigera Gagnep. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 10: 126 (1942) Heterotypic Synonym
Thea tsaii (Hu) Gagnep. H.Lecomte (ed.), Fl. Indo-Chine, Suppl. 1: 316 (1943) Homotypic Synonym
Camellia callidonta Hung T.Chang Taxonomy of the genus Camellia: 143 (1981) Heterotypic Synonym
12 show +
» Description
Camellia tsaii Hu in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8：132, 1938. Tree to 5 m tall； branchlet slender, terete, glandulose-hirtellate; leaves chartaceous, narrow lanceolate, long caudate-cuminate at apex, broadly cuneate to subrounded at base, closely and sharply serrate along the margins, glabrous on both surfaces except finely hirtellate along the elevated midrib above, secondary veins obscure above, secondary veins obscure above, midrib and secondary veins elevated beneath, to 8 cm long, 2 cm broad; petioles hirtellate, 5 mm long; flowers 1-3 in leaf-axils, shite, pedicels nidding, to 3 mm long; bracts broadly cordate, 1.5 mm long,2 mm broad, pilosulose outside; sepals suborbicular, apiculate, ciliate along the margins, 3mm in diam. , piloseulose outside. Petals 5, elliptic-obovate, rounded at apex, glabrous, 18 mm long, 8 mm broad; stamens numerous, unequal, slightly shorter than the petals, filaments almost free to the base, glabrous; pistil 16 mm long; ovary and style glabrous, stigmas 3, very short; fruit unkown. Yunnan: Lu-Hsi Hien, Mong-Ban, alt. 1750m., in forest, tree 10 ft, diam. 3 in., H.T. Tsai, no. 56865 (type). Feb. 9. 1934; same region, alt. 1750 m, in forest, tree 25 ft. diam. 4 in. H. T. Tsai, no. 56363, Mar. 1, 1934. This species of the section Theopsis is closely allied to C. euryoides Lindl., differing in the petals being glabrous outside.
Camellia tsaii, Subgenus Metacamellia, Sect. Theopsis, Ser. Gymnandrae Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni, monogr. ser. 1: 144. 1981. Chang Hung-ta and Bruce Bartholomew (1984). Camellias, p.175: Camellia tsaii Hu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 132. 1938. [Synonym] Thea tsaii (Hu)Gagnep, Suppl. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 316. 1943. \Thea fusiger Gagnep., Not. Syst. 10: 126. 1942.
Gao Jiyin, Clifford R. Parks, Du Yueqiang, 2005, Collected Species of the Genus Camellia an Illustrated Outline，p.268-269. (The collection location is wrong, the identification was also wrong)
Camellia tsaii has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2015. Camellia tsaii is listed as Least Concern.
» Distribution
Yingjiang, Luxi (now Mangshi), Tengchong, Longling, Fengqing, Lincang, Lvchun, Jinping in Yunnan, China. Bhamo and Wa State in Myanmar. Laocai Province's Yaoshan, Cao Bang Province, and Da Nang in northern Vietnam.
» Description
蔡氏山茶Camellia tsaii Hu in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. (静生生物调查所汇报·植物) 8：132, 1938：（直译自英文） 树高达5米；小枝细长，圆柱状，具腺毛。叶纸质，狭披针形，先端长渐尖，基部宽楔形至略圆，叶缘密锐锯齿状，表面光滑无毛，只有中脉上方略有细毛，次生脉不明显，中脉及次生脉背面凸起，叶长可达8厘米，宽约2厘米；叶柄有细毛，长约5毫米。花1-3朵生于叶腋，白色，花梗短，长约3毫米；苞片广心形，长1.5毫米，宽2毫米，外面有细毛；萼片近圆形，顶端具尖，边缘具睫毛，直径约3毫米，外面有短柔毛。花瓣5枚，椭圆状倒卵形，顶端圆，光滑无毛，长18毫米，宽8毫米；雄蕊众多，长短不一，略短于花瓣，花丝几乎离生至基部，光滑无毛；雌蕊长16毫米；子房及花柱无毛，柱头3裂，非常短；果实未知。分布于云南：潞西县Mong-Ban（注：最有可能的是芒市勐戛镇东南的勐板土司界内），海拔1750米，生长于森林中，树高约10英尺，直径约3英寸，采集者：蔡希陶56865（模式标本）。采集时间：1934年2月9日；同地区，海拔1750米，森林中，树高约25英尺，直径约4英寸，采集者：蔡希陶56363，采集时间：1934年3月1日。本种属于山茶属Theopsis组，与C. euryoides Lindl. 关系最近，不同之处在于花瓣外部无毛。张宏达，1981. 《山茶属植物的系统研究》第148页。闵天禄，2000. 《世界山茶属的研究》第174-175页。高继银、帕克斯、杜跃强，2005. 《山茶属植物主要原种彩色图集》浙江科学技术出版社，第268-269页（书中的采集地记载为泸西县，地点有误，鉴定亦错误）。张宏达，1998.《中国植物志》49（3）：160 （植物志中模式标本记载为云南泸西是错误的）。
闵天禄，2000. 《世界山茶属的研究》第174-175页：灌木或小乔木，高1-7.6米；小枝纤细，幼枝被短柔毛，一年生枝变无毛，灰褐色。叶纸质，披针形、狭披针形或长圆状披针形，长5-10厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，先端细长渐尖或尾尖，基部楔形或阔楔形，边缘具细锯齿，表面深绿色，略具光泽，中脉上被微硬毛，背面淡绿色，沿中脉疏生柔毛，中脉在表面凹陷，背面突起，侧脉8-10对，两面略突；叶柄长3-5毫米，被短柔毛。花1-2朵腋生或近于顶生，白色，径约2.5厘米；花梗长2-5毫米，无毛；小苞片3-5枚，半圆形或阔卵形，长0.5-1.5毫米，外面被微柔毛，边缘具睫毛，宿存；花萼长3-4毫米，下部合生成浅杯状，萼片5，阔卵形或近圆形，长2-2.5毫米，先端圆形，具狭膜质边缘，外面被柔毛，里面被细绢毛，边缘具睫毛；花瓣5，倒卵形或阔倒卵形，长1.5-1.7厘米，基部连生，长2-3毫米，先端圆形或微凹；雄蕊长1.1-1.4厘米，无毛，下半部合生成管；子房球形，无毛，3室，花柱与雄蕊近等长，先端3浅裂，稀多少深裂，长4-5毫米。蒴果卵球形，径约1.5厘米，先端凸尖，1室，1种子，果皮革质；种子球形，径约1.3厘米，栗褐色。
识别要点：幼枝密被短柔毛，一年生枝变无毛。叶披针形或狭披针形，叶片较大，可达9cm。花柱先端3浅裂；花萼下部合生成浅杯状，萼片两面被毛。与川滇连蕊茶(C. synaptica)近似，但后者萼片两面无毛。也与贵州连蕊茶（C. costei)相似，但后者萼片外面先端被柔毛。
分布：中国云南东南部至西南部和中南半岛的北部，生于海拔1500-2550米的常绿阔叶林下或灌丛中。
蔡氏山茶最近一次于 2015年进行了IUCN濒危等级评估，被评为无危 Least Concern（LC）。
» Distribution
中国云南的盈江、潞西（今芒市）、腾冲、龙陵、凤庆、临沧、绿春、金平。緬甸的八莫何佤邦。越南北部的老街省瑶山、高平省、岘港。
Species in the Same Section: 细叶金花茶 Camellia parvifolia Cohen-Stuart、黄杨叶连蕊茶 Camellia buxifolia Hung T.Chang、贵州连蕊茶 Camellia costei H.Lév.、厚柄连蕊茶 Camellia crassipes Sealy、尖连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata (Kochs) Hort. ex Bean、浙江尖连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata (Kochs) Bean var. chekiangensis Sealy、大花尖连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata var. grandiflora Sealy、长管连蕊茶 Camellia elongata (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Rehder、柃叶连蕊茶 Camellia euryoides Lindl.、蒙自连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii (Diels) Cohen-Stuart、毛花连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna Hance、岳麓连蕊茶 Camellia handelii Sealy、九嶷山连蕊茶 Camellia jiuyishanica Hung T.Chang & L.L.Qi、披针萼连蕊茶 Camellia lancicalyx Hung T.Chang、披针叶连蕊茶 Camellia lancilimba Hung T.Chang、荔波连蕊茶 Camellia lipoensis Hung T.Chang & Z.R.Xu 、长果连蕊茶 Camellia longicarpa Hung T.Chang & B.M.Barthol.、琉球连蕊茶 Camellia lutchuensis T.Itō、大萼连蕊茶 Camellia macrosepala Hung T.Chang、微花连蕊茶 Camellia minutiflora Hung T.Chang、能高山茶 Camellia nokoensis Hayata、细叶连蕊茶 Camellia parvilimba Merr. & F.P.Metcalf、小卵叶连蕊茶 Camellia parviovata Hung T.Chang & S.S.Wang、超长尖连蕊茶 Camellia percuspidata Hung T.Chang、玫瑰连蕊茶 Camellia rosiflora Hook、肖长尖连蕊茶 Camellia subacutissima Hung T.Chang、川滇连蕊茶 Camellia synaptica Sealy、阿里山连蕊茶 Camellia transarisanensis (Hayata) Cohen-Stuart、泛能高山茶 Camellia transnokoensis Hayata、三花连蕊茶 Camellia triantha Hung T.Chang、毛枝连蕊茶 Camellia trichoclada (Rehder) S.S.Chien、细萼连蕊茶 Camellia tsofui S.S.Chien、广强山茶 Camellia quangcuongii L.V.Dung, S.T. Hoang & Nhan、比豆普茶 Camellia bidoupensis Truong, Luong & Tran、长凸连蕊茶 Camellia longicuspis S.Ye Liang 、长萼连蕊茶 Camellia longicalyx Hung T.Chang、尖萼蒙自连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii (Diels) Cohen-Stuart var. acutisepala (H.T.Tsai & K.M.Feng) Hung T.Chang、细尖连蕊茶 Camellia parvicuspidata Hung T.Chang、长尖连蕊茶 Camellia acutissima Hung T.Chang、美齿连蕊茶 Camellia callidonta Hung T.Chang、川鄂连蕊茶 Camellia rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz.、短柄细叶连蕊茶 Camellia parvilimba var. brevipes Hung T.Chang、小石果连蕊茶 Camellia parvilapidea Hung T.Chang、五室连蕊茶 Camellia stuartiana Sealy、秃梗连蕊茶 Camellia dubia Sealy、膜叶连蕊茶 Camellia membranacea Hung T.Chang、钟萼连蕊茶 Camellia campanisepala Hung T. Chang、金屏连蕊茶 Camellia tsingpienensis、毛萼金屏茶 Camellia tsingpienensis var. pubisepala Hung T.Chang、绿萼连蕊茶 Camellia viridicalyx Hung T.Chang & S.Ye Liang、小长尾连蕊茶 Camellia parvicaudata Hung T.Chang、半秃连蕊茶 Camellia subglabra Chang、毛丝连蕊茶 Camellia trichandra Hung T.Chang、滇南连蕊茶 Camellia cupiformis T.L.Ming 、秃肋连蕊茶 Camellia glabricostata T.L.Ming
