Section：Eriandria
Conservation Status：
Remarks：This name is accepted
References：
Camellia caudata Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 36 (1832) Accepted Name
Camellia assimilis Champ. ex Benth. Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 309. 1851. Lectotype (designated by Chang & Bartholomew [1984: 205]): China. Hong Kong, J.G. Champion 65 (K 000380537!) Heterotypic Synonym
Thea caudata (Wall.) Seem. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 22: 348 (1859) Homotypic Synonym
Camellia gracilis Hemsl. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 9(33): 146. 1895. Holotype: China. Taiwan: Bankinsing mountains, A. Henry 1612 (K 000380535!). Heterotypic Synonym
Camelliastrum caudatum (Wall.) Nakai J. Jap. Bot. 16: 701 (1940) Heterotypic Synonym
9 show +
» Description
Camellia caudata Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 36. 1832. Zhao, D.W. (2024). Taxonomic revision of Camellia (Theaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 239: 29-57.
Lectotype (designated by
Trees or shrubs up to 15 m tall. New branchlets and terminal buds pubescent. Petioles 1–5 mm long, pubescent; leaf blades elliptic, oblong or lanceolate, 3.5–11.5 × 1.5–3 cm, thinly coriaceous or papery, abaxially pale green, sparsely appressed pubescent or villous, adaxially yellowish or dark green, shiny, hirsute along midrib, midrib abaxially elevated and adaxially slightly impressed, secondary veins 8–12 on each side of midrib, abaxially slightly elevated and adaxially obscure, base attenuate to obtuse, margin serrulate, apex caudate. Flowers solitary or up to 3 in a cluster, 2–4 cm in diam. Pedicel 2.5–7 mm long. Bracteoles 3–6, alternate, persistent, deltate to semi-orbicular, 1–2.5 × 1–3 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent to pubescent, adaxially glabrous, margin ciliolate. Sepals 5, persistent, suborbicular, 2–3 × 2–4 mm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Petals 5–7 in 1–2 whorls, white, elliptic to obovate, 11–20 × 8–14 mm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous, apex rounded to emarginate, inner 4–5 petals basally adnate to filament whorl for 2–4 mm. Stamens numerous, 10–15 mm long; filaments white, outer filaments basally connate for 6–10 mm, distinct part villous. Ovary globose to ovoid, densely pubescent. Style 1, 8–18 mm long, basally densely pubescent and gradually becoming sparsely pubescent apically, apically 3-lobed for 1–3 mm. Capsule globose to ovoid, 11–15 mm in diam., 1-loculed with 1 seed; pericarp 0.4–1 mm thick. Seeds fuscous, globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous.
Flowering October–December, fruiting March–December.
Camellia caudata occurs in semi-evergreen, evergreen and deciduous montane forests at the elevations of 500–2000 m in China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Chiang Rai: Wiang Pa Pao, Doi Luang, Doi Mok Mountain, close to source of Man Mae Nga Stream, 19°15'36"N, 99°20'24"E, 950 m, 23 July 1998, Morci 1365.0 (CMUB).
Nan: Doi Tiu, 1100 m, 8 March 1921, Kerr 5041 (BK 203924, BM, K, L.2399739); Tha Wang Pha, Pa Kha, Doi Wao, 1400–1700 m, 10 September 1995, Larsen et al. 46319 (BKF SN147973) & 46292 (IBSC 0256482).
Uttaradit: Phu Soi Dao, 1531 m, 17 November 2009, Norsaengsri & Intamusik 6104 (QBG 42621), 1570 m, 18 November 2009, Norsaengsri & Intamusik 6202 (QBG 42737).
Camellia caudata is a new record to Thailand. It generally occurs in the montane forests at elevations of 900–1700 m of Northern Thailand. The species is one of several camellias that are widely distributed in Indochina, along with Assam tea, C. furfuracea and C. kissi. Kerr A.F.G. collected specimens of C. caudata in 1921 (Kerr 5041 at BK, BM, K and L). The specimens were, however, misidentified as C. connata by Keng H. in 1970 as shown on the sheet conserved at BM. Camellia caudata can be distinguished from C. connata by its basally connate styles whereas the latter bears distinct styles.
» Distribution
» Description
长尾毛蕊茶Camellia caudata Wall. Cat. no. 978.1829; et PI. Asiat. Rar. 3：36, 1832. 张宏达，1981. 《山茶属植物的系统研究》第177页。【标本】云南：屏边，毛品一3208. 广西：瑶山，辛树帜3535；十万大山，曾怀德22276，22602，23878，24163, 24813；昭平，、粱盛业6505170. 广东：罗浮山，F.P, Metcalf 17469 17640, 17837, E. D. Merrill 10228；翁源，刘心祈2632；梅县，曾怀德21436；大澳岛3214,3245；怀集，曾怀德22835；乳源，黄志42701，30067；信宜，黄志30948，37753。海南：坝王岭，曾沛13461；保享，侯宽昭73863, 73697。浙江：镇海，钟补勤1050。越南：大黄毛山，曾怀德27158, 27314。分布：云南，广东，广西，海南，台湾，浙江；越南，緬甸，不丹，印度。【形态特征】嫩枝无毛，叶狭长圆形至阔椭圆形，长5-13厘米，宽1-4厘米，尾状渐尖；花梗长3毫米，苞3-5片；萼片长2毫米，有毛；花瓣有毛；花丝管长，游离花丝有毛；子房有毛，花柱有毛。
高继银、帕克斯、杜跃强，2005. 《山茶属植物主要原种彩色图集》浙江科学技术出版社，第133页。花白色，花瓣外卷，芳香，花径1.7~3.0厘米，顶生或腋生，花芽稠密。苞片4枚，萼片5枚，均宿存，表面被短柔毛，里面无毛，边缘具睫毛。花瓣5枚，长1.5~2.0厘米，宽0.8~1.3厘米，阔倒卵形，先端圆，基部与雄蕊柱连生2 ~3毫米。雄蕊花丝离生部分被长毛，长1.1~1.7厘米，外轮花丝基部连生形成6~11毫米长短管。雌蕊长1.2~2.1厘米，花柱被毛，先端3裂，子房被绒毛。花期冬季至春季。蒴果卵球形至球形，先端有小喙，长2.0~2.1厘米，直径1.4~2.0厘米，无毛，通常1室，果皮厚约1.5毫米。叶长圆形至狭椭圆形，先端渐尖至尾尖，基部楔形至略圆形，长4.4~11.0厘米，宽1.4~3.4厘米，边缘有齿，薄革质，叶面光滑，中脉略凹陷并被短柔毛，叶背中脉略凸起，被不同程度的长柔毛。叶柄长2~6毫米，密被短柔毛。灌木或小乔木，高可达7米，嫩枝密被短柔毛，老枝光滑，灰褐色。分布：中国海南、广东、浙江、云南、广西、香港、台湾等省区，以及不丹、缅甸、尼泊尔、印度、越南等国，海拔200-1200米。可寻地点:广东省惠东县莲花山。
» Distribution
Species in the Same Section: 香港毛蕊茶 Camellia assimilis Champ.、心叶毛蕊茶 Camellia cordifolia (F.P.Metcalf) Nakai、四川毛蕊茶 Camellia lawii Sealy、广东毛蕊茶 Camellia melliana Hand.-Mazz.、毛药山茶 Camellia renshanxiangiae C.X.Ye & X.Q.Zheng、柳叶毛蕊茶 Camellia salicifolia Champ. 、文山毛蕊茶 Camellia wenshanensis Hu、小果毛蕊茶 Camellia villicarpa S.S.Chien、杯萼毛蕊茶 Camellia cratera Hung T. Chang、斑枝毛蕊茶 Camellia punctata (Kochs) Cohen-Stuart、稜果毛蕊茶 Camellia trigonocarpa Hung T.Chang、白毛蕊茶 Camellia candida Hung T. Chang、大萼毛蕊茶 Camellia assimiloides Sealy、无齿毛蕊茶 Camellia edentata Hung T.Chang
