扁果红山茶 Camellia compressa Hung T. ChangCamellia compressa

Camellia compressa, Subgenus Camellia, Sect. Camellia, Subsect. Reticulata Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni, monogr. ser. 1: 56. 1981. Ser. Reticulatae Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni, monogr. ser. 1: 61. 1981.  Chang Hung-ta and Bruce Bartholomew (1984). Camellias, p.99: Camellia compressa Chang & Wen in Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni, monogr. ser. 1: 76. 1981.

Camellia compressa var. compressa, Subgenus Camellia, Sect. Camellia, Subsect. Reticulata Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni, monogr. ser. 1: 56. 1981. Ser. Reticulatae Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni, monogr. ser. 1: 61. 1981. Chang Hung-ta and Bruce Bartholomew (1984). Camellias, p.99: Camellia compressa Chang & Wen in Chang var. compressa. [Description] Shrub or small tree, branchlets glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, oblong or narrowlyelliptic, 10-14 cmlong, 4-6 cm wide, apices acuminate or acute, bases broadly cuneate orobtuse, shiny above, glabrous below; lateral veins 7-8 pairs, slightly sunken in the drystate, visible below; reticulating veinsconspicuous, margins serrulate, petioles 1-1. 2cmlong. Flowers subterminal, red or light red, sessile; perules 8-9, inner ones 1-1.6 cmlong, coriaceous, middle of outer surfaces grayish-white sericeous; petals 8-9, obovate-cordate, 3.5-5. 5 cm long, outer petals somewhat sericeous; stamens in 3-4 series, 2-3.5 cm long, outer filament whorl connate into a short tube, glabrous; ovaries 3-locular, velutinus; styles shorter than stamens, apices 3-cleft. Capsules oblate, 5-9 cm wide, 3.5-7.5 cm high, 3-valvate dehiscent, valves corky, soft, 8-15 mm thick, 2-3 seeds per locule. This species is related to C. phellocapsa of eastern Hunan, but the leaves of the latterare elliptic, only upper half of margins serrrate, entire surface of perules pubescent, stamens in 5-6 series, capsules ovate to pyriform, seeds 4-5 per locule.

Camellia compressa var. variabilis, Subgenus Camellia, Sect. Camellia, Subsect. Reticulata Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni, monogr. ser. 1: 56. 1981. Ser. Reticulatae Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni, monogr. ser. 1: 61. 1981. Chang Hung-ta and Bruce Bartholomew (1984). Camellias, p.99: Camellia compressa var. variabilis Chang & Wen in Wen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20:227. 1982. [Description] A typo foliis angastioribus, 10-16 cm longis, 3-5 cm latis, subtus in costa pilosis, floribus minoribus, ovariis 3-6-locularibus, stylis 3-6-fidis omnino pilosis differt. This variety differs from the species by leaves long and narrow, 10-16 cm long, 3-5cm wide, midvein pubescent below. Flowers smaller, ovaries 3-6 locular; styles 3-6-cleft, completely pubescent.

Gao Jiyin, Clifford R. Parks, Du Yueqiang, 2005, Collected Species of the Genus Camellia an Illustrated Outline，p.38. Flowers are pink to light-red, usually 6.0-8.0 cm in diameter, borne singly at the tips of shoots. Perules 8-9, central portion of outer surface white-pubescent. Petals 8-9, 3.5-5.0 cm long, obovate-cordate, tip rounded or slightly emarginate, slightly united at the base with the staminal column. Androecium glabrous, 2.0-3.5 cm long, outer layer of stamens fused from the base into a short tube. Gynoecium 1.4-1.8 cm long, 3 styles slightly divided at the tip, ovary tomentose. Blooming season: spring.Capsules oblate, 5.0-9.0 cm in diameter, 3 locules, pericarp soft, wall 8-15 mm thick. Seeds glabrous.Leaves oblong to narrowly elliptic, tip acuminate, base cuneate or obtuse, 10.0-14.0 cm long, 4.0-6.0 cm wide, margin thinly serrulate, upper surface with lateral veins visible, lower surface with midrib raised. Petiole 10-12 mm long.Shrub or small tree up to 4 m tall, young shoots glabrous, older branches smooth, gray-brown in color.Chromosome Number:2n=120(Gu，et al.,1988).(Data compiled from Chang, 1981; Ming, 2000; Sealy,1958) Distribution:Longshan, Sangzhiand Baojing Coun-ties in northwestern Hunan Province;Elevation: 800-1,000 m; Specific locality: Wanggaopo Group, Pijiang Village, Boji Township, Baojing County, Hunan Province, China.

扁果红山茶Camellia compressa Chang et Wen, sp, nov. 张宏达，1981. 《山茶属植物的系统研究》第76页。【标本】湖南：龙山，猴子土，1979年2月，文选开s.n.(中山大学标本号144701)， 800201；同地，咱果公社，克寨大队，大糟，1979年9月，文选开s.n.(中山大学 标本号147021)，保靖县，駿箕公社，皮江大队，文选开800305，Typus。【形态特征】灌木或小乔木，嫩枝无毛。叶革质，长圆形或狭橢圆形，长10-14厘米，宽4-6厘米，先端渐尖或急锐尖，基部阔楔形或钝，上面发亮，下面无毛，侧脉7-8对，干后稍下陷，在下面能见，网脉不明显，边缘有细锯齿，叶柄长1-1.2厘米。花近顶生，红色或淡红色，近无柄，苞被8-9片，内侧的长1-1.6厘米，革质，背面中部被灰白色绢毛；花瓣8-9片，倒卵状心形，长3.5-5.5厘米，外侧数片多少被绢毛；雄蕊3-4轮，长2-3.5厘米，外轮花丝连成短管，无毛；子房3室，被茸毛，花柱比雄蕊短，先端3裂。蒴果扁球形，宽5-9厘米，高3.6-7.5厘米，3爿裂开，果爿木栓质，松软，厚8-15毫米，种子每室2-3个。和湘东产的栓果红山茶C.phellocapsa Chang et Lee有亲缘关系，但后者的叶片椭圆形，边缘仅上半部有锯齿，苞被全面有毛，雄蕊5-6轮，蒴果卵形至梨形，种子每室4-5个。

高继银、帕克斯、杜跃强，2005. 《山茶属植物主要原种彩色图集》浙江科学技术出版社，第38页。花粉红色至淡红色，花径6.0~8.0厘米，通常单花顶生。鳞片8~9枚，外面中部被白色短柔毛。花瓣8~9枚，长3.5~5.0厘米，倒卵状心形，先端圆或略凹缺，基部与雄蕊柱略连生。雄蕊无毛，长2.0~3.5厘米，外轮花丝基部连生形成短管。雌蕊长1.4~1.8厘米，花柱先端3浅裂，子房被绒毛。花期春季。蒴果扁球形，直径5.0~9.0厘米，3室，果皮松软，厚8~15毫米。种子无毛。叶长圆形至狭椭圆形，先端渐尖，基部楔形或钝状，长10~ 14厘米，宽4.0~6.0厘米，边缘具细齿，叶面侧脉可见，叶背主 脉凸起。叶柄长10~12毫米。灌木或小乔木，高可达4米，嫩枝无毛，老技光滑，灰褐色。分布：湖南省西北部的龙山县、桑植县和保靖县一带，海拔 800-1000米。可寻地点：湖南省保靖县簸箕乡皮江村望高坡组。