Section：Oleifera
Conservation Status：
Remarks：This name is accepted
References：
Camellia oleifera C.Abel Narr. Journey China: 174 (1818) Accepted Name
Camellia sasanqua Blanco Fl. Filip.: 530 (1837), nom. illeg. Heterotypic Synonym
Sasanqua oleifera (C.Abel) Raf. Sylva Tellur.: 140 (1838) Heterotypic Synonym
Theaphylla oleifera (C.Abel) Raf. Sylva Tellur.: 139 (1838) Heterotypic Synonym
Camellia banksiana Lindl. ex Champ. Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 310 (1851), nom. subnud. Heterotypic Synonym
17 show +
» Description
Camellia oleifera, Subgenus Camellia, Sect. oleifera, Chang Hung-ta and Bruce Bartholomew (1984). Camellias, p.40: Camellia oleifera Abel. Iourn. China, 174, 363. 1818. [Description] Widely cultivated in China in the provinces south of the Changjiang (Yangtse River), very variable. Leaves usually shiny, some dull in the dry state. Flowers variable in size, largest 8-9 cm in diameter, usually5-6 cm in diameter; stamens usually free, sometimes connate into a 5-7 mm long filament tube; styles 3-parted, sometimes 4- or 5-parted. Capsules 3-locular, rarely 4-locular, but 1-locular forms also occur, usually 3.5-4.5 cm in diameter, pericarp 3-6 mm thick. In the work by Sealy (1958) the form illustrated is not typical but rather the small fruited form. [Synonym]Camellia drupifera Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 411. 1790. \Thea podogyna Le1/4v., Sert. Yunnan, 2. 1916. \Camellia oleosa (Lour.) Wu in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 71: 192. 1940. \For additinal synonyms see Sealy, Rev. Gen. Camellia, 204. 1958.
Gao Jiyin, Clifford R. Parks, Du Yueqiang, 2005, Collected Species of the Genus Camellia an Illustrated Outline，p.170-171. Flowers are white, somewhat fragrant,5.5- 7.0 cm in diameter, borne at the tips of shoots and additionally in leaf axils; flower set may be abundant. Perules approximately 8, deciduous as flower opens, outside heavily pubescent, inside glabrous. Petals 7-8, 3.2-3.9 cm long, 1.5-2.4 cm wide, obovate to obcordate, cleft at tip up to 6 mm, some pubescence on exterior of outer petals, inside glabrous, fused with the staminal column 1-2 mm from the base. Androecium glabrous, approximately 1.8 cm long, the outermost stamens fused from the base up to about 8 mm forming a cup, approximately 90 stamens. Gynoecium 1.2-1.6 cm long, 3-5 styles, glabrous, sometimes with a small amount of hair at the base, 40%-75 % fused from the base, ovary tomentose. Blooming season: autumn. Capsules globose, 1.8-3.3 cm long, 2.3-3.8 cm in diameter (often much larger), green, yellowish or even red at maturity, villous, 3-5 locules, pericarp wall 3-6 mm thick. Seed oil content ranges from 39.9%-54.9%.Leaves elliptic to broadly elliptic in shape, tip acute to short acuminate, base cuneate to mostly rounded, 4.0-11.7 cm long, 1.4-5.1 cm wide, margin serrulate, teeth spaced 2-4 mm apart, upper surface smooth, midrib moderately puberulent, lower surface rarely with a few hairs, midrib sparsely villous or glabrous. Petioles 3-6 mm long, upper side villous to puberulent, lower side villous or glabrous. Shrub or small tree up to 7 m tall, young shoots range from glabrous to heavily villous, shoots become glabrescent with age, young shoots tan or brown in color, older branches becoming smooth, larger branches gray-brown to rust, often cinnamon, in color. Distribution: South of the Yangtse River and in Hanzhong and Ankang in Shanxi Province, China, as well as in Vietnam; Elevation: 100-1,300 m; Specific locality: Zaozi Village, Yongxing County, Hunan Province, China.
» Distribution
» Description
油茶Camellia oleifera Abel Journ. China, 174, 363，cum ic. 174，1818； Lindley in Bot. Reg. t. 942, 1825； Sealy I. c. 张宏达，1981. 《山茶属植物的系统研究》第25页。【标本】。【形态特征】我国长江流域以南各省广泛栽培，出现较大的变异。叶通常发亮，亦有干后暗晦无光的；花朵大小不一，最大的直径8-9厘米，通常5-6厘米；雄蕊通常离生，但亦有连合成花丝管，长达5-7毫米的；花柱3条，亦有4或5条的；蒴果3室，稀4室，但1室发育的亦常见，通常直径3.5-4.5厘米，果爿厚3-6毫米。Sealy的专著里所记述的，并不是典型的代表，而是小果类型的特征。
高继银、帕克斯、杜跃强，2005. 《山茶属植物主要原种彩色图集》浙江科学技术出版社，第170-171页。花白色，稍微带芳香，直径5.5~7.0厘米，顶生或腋生，密花。鳞片约8枚，随花朵开放而脱落，外面密被柔毛，里面无毛。花瓣7~8枚，长3.2~3.9厘米，宽1.5~2.4厘米，倒卵形至倒心形，先端裂深6毫米，外轮瓣背少量被短柔毛，基部与雄蕊柱连生1~2毫米。雄蕊无毛，长约1.8厘米，基部连生形成8毫米长短管，雄蕊约90枚。雌蕊长1.2~1.6厘米，花柱3~5裂，无毛，有时基部有少量毛，基部连生40%〜75%,子房被绒毛，花期秋季。蒴果球形，长1.8-3.3厘米，直径2.3~3.8厘米或更大，成熟时果皮绿色、黄色甚至红色，被长柔毛，3~5室，果皮厚3~6毫米。种子含油量为39.9%~54.9%。叶椭圆形至阔椭圆形，先端急尖至短尖，基部楔形至圆形，长4.0-11.7厘米，宽1.4~5.1厘米，边缘具齿，齿距2~4毫米，叶面光滑，中脉中等被微柔毛，叶背有时有少量毛，中脉被稀疏长柔毛或者无毛。叶柄长3~6毫米，上部被长柔毛或微柔毛，下部被长柔毛或无毛。灌木或小乔木，高可达7米，嫩枝无毛至被长柔毛，而后变无毛，黄褐色或褐色，大枝灰褐色至铁镑色，老枝光滑，通常为黄褐色。分布：中国长江以南和陕西省汉中、安康地区以及越南，海拔100- 1300米。可寻地点:湖南省永兴县枣子村。
» Distribution
Species in the Same Section: 高州油茶 Camellia gauchowensis Hung T.Chang、茶梅 Camellia sasanqua Thunb.、越南油茶 Camellia vietnamensis T. C. Huang ex Hu、攸县油茶 Camellia yuhsienensis Hu
